Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud, by Nick Hopwood
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Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud, by Nick Hopwood
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Pictures from the past powerfully shape current views of the world. In books, television programs, and websites, new images appear alongside others that have survived from decades ago. Among the most famous are drawings of embryos by the Darwinist Ernst Haeckel in which humans and other vertebrates begin identical, then diverge toward their adult forms. But these icons of evolution are notorious, too: soon after their publication in 1868, a colleague alleged fraud, and Haeckel’s many enemies have repeated the charge ever since. His embryos nevertheless became a textbook staple until, in 1997, a biologist accused him again, and creationist advocates of intelligent design forced his figures out. How could the most controversial pictures in the history of science have become some of the most widely seen? In Haeckel’s Embryos, Nick Hopwood tells this extraordinary story in full for the first time. He tracks the drawings and the charges against them from their genesis in the nineteenth century to their continuing involvement in innovation in the present day, and from Germany to Britain and the United States. Emphasizing the changes worked by circulation and copying, interpretation and debate, Hopwood uses the case to explore how pictures succeed and fail, gain acceptance and spark controversy. Along the way, he reveals how embryonic development was made a process that we can see, compare, and discuss, and how copying—usually dismissed as unoriginal—can be creative, contested, and consequential. With a wealth of expertly contextualized illustrations, Haeckel’s Embryos recaptures the shocking novelty of pictures that enthralled schoolchildren and outraged priests, and highlights the remarkable ways these images kept on shaping knowledge as they aged.
Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud, by Nick Hopwood- Amazon Sales Rank: #1090371 in Books
- Brand: Hopwood, Nick
- Published on: 2015-05-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 11.00" h x 1.40" w x 8.50" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 392 pages
Review "Hopwood’s book is a richly illustrated and staggeringly detailed story of how Haeckel’s embryo pictures came to be, how they were mobilised as resources in scientific and ideological causes, how versions of the grid picture were copied, recopied and modified, how their accuracy was vigorously disputed by some and defended by others, and how they continue to circulate—still relevant and still contentious—today....There is no more focused account of the subtle and complex relationships between scientific images and what they represent." (London Review of Books)"Rarely have images proved so incendiary as the embryo drawings of nineteenth-century experimental zoologist Ernst Haeckel. In this lavishly illustrated volume, Hopwood traces the chequered history of the sketches, which showed similarities between embryos of higher and lower vertebrates, including humans, at particular points in their development. Haeckel intended the images as support for Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory, but under attack revealed that they were schematics. Hopwood meticulously charts how, despite the controversy, the drawings took on a life of their own." (Nature)"Sumptuous. . . . Hopwood's excellent, thought-provoking book makes us ponder how these erroneous illustrations acquired their iconic status, and, above all, it shines a spotlight on the power of drawings to influence our thinking." (New Scientist)"Hopwood raises important questions (particularly pertinent to the modern era of viral memes) about the teaching of empirical science and the bringing of complex scientific ideas to the public, the 'boundary of popular literature and specialist work,' the relationship between the observer as accurate reporter and as artist, and the line beyond which schematization for didactic or rhetorical effect becomes deliberately misleading." (Publishers Weekly)"Haeckel's Embryos is a magnificent scholarly tour de force...an outstanding piece of work and a delight to study." (Medical History)"Detailed, well documented, and rich with illustrations. It is likely to be of most value to those with interests in developmental biology, embryology, the history of attacks on evolution, or the history of scientific publication." (Library Journal)"Copying — unoriginal, dull, and derivative by definition — can be creative, contested, and consequential in its effects. Hopwood tracks Haeckel’s embryos, some of the most controversial pictures in the history of science, and explores how copying put them among the most widely seen." (Public Domain Review)“This book is fun to read, chock-full of exhaustive detail made palatable by entertaining turns of phrase, word pictures, and puns.… I found myself fully engaged and repeatedly chuckling over Hopwood’s wordsmithery. Then, on practically every page, I was forced to loiter and savor the beauty of the historical plates and images. Through it all, I learned so much. Haeckel’s Embryos is a wonderful book.” (American Biology Teacher)"Haeckel’s Embryos is a big book bursting with ideas about visuality, scientific images, evidence, hypotheses, objectivity, and controversy, with striking pictures...on nearly every page. An important contribution to the history of scientific illustration and visual culture, and a must-read for anyone wishing to form any substantive conclusion about the place of Haeckel and his contributions in evolutionary science and popular culture." (History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences)"Not only does Hopwood’s book address a broad audience, it also proves engaging throughout its 388 pages due to its numerous images and clarity. Additionally, the book does not appear to be too technical, but in fact is a valuable scientific contribution to the literature on Haeckel’s diagrams, and a very enjoyable one." (British Society for the History of Science Journal)"Through eighteen chapters of beautifully illustrated text, Hopwood lays out the unfolding landscape of scientific, social, and political factors that led Haeckel to create his images for public consumption, as well as the rounds of debates that have dogged these images since their first appearance in print. . . . Hopwood does a good job of giving his reader a glimpse into the manufacture of Haeckel’s images, and in so doing, gives a fresh perspective on the controversy surrounding Haeckel’s famous embryos." (Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences)"This book masterfully reconstructs the controversies surrounding Ernst Haeckel’s infamous diagrams comparing the embryos of different species. Hopwood’s powerful and compelling narrative reveals how these images became enmeshed in fundamental questions about visual representation, scientific fraud, relations between science and religion, and interactions between scientists and their publics. Haeckel’s Embryos is a transformative study of scientific controversy that should be required reading for every student of science.” (Michael R. Dietrich, coeditor of Outsider Scientists: Routes to Innovation in Biology)"Ernst Haeckel, the best known German Darwinist of his day, was also the most controversial. For nearly a century and a half his widely circulated series of animal and human embryos, illustrating common descent, have prompted charges of forgery and fraud from scientific, religious, and political critics. Antievolutionists, especially advocates of intelligent design, have been among his most outspoken detractors. One can only hope that Hopwood’s scrupulously researched and evenhandedly argued book will finally lay these longstanding controversies to rest." (Ronald L. Numbers, author of Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion)"Hopwood has written a meticulous and engaging history that sets a high bar for future print and visual culture studies. Haeckel’s Embryos shows the material, intellectual, and cultural conditions under which the hidden is rendered visible and the visible rendered standard, amidst contestation at every turn. Open it, and—after you have recovered from its spectacular images—read it, for this is history of science at its best." (Lynn K. Nyhart, Vilas-Bablitch-Kelch Distinguished Achievement Professor, History of Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison)"Certain images in science capture the imagination and take on a life of their own. In this excellent book, surely the definitive account of the afterlife of scientific images, Hopwood examines the most iconic pictures of vertebrate embryos, those first produced by German evolutionist Ernst Haeckel in 1868. These images have been repeatedly caught up in anti-Darwinist debates and to this day have been subject to charges of scientific fraud. In tracking Haeckel’s embryos, Hopwood restores the full sound and fury of history to the act of looking at what humans are and where we came from." (Trevor Pinch, Cornell University)
About the Author Nick Hopwood is reader in history of science and medicine in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge. He is the author of Embryos in Wax, coeditor of Models: The Third Dimension of Science, and cocurator of the online exhibition Making Visible Embryos.
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Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. The Definitive Work on this Sordid Affair By Darwin Researcher This work promises to be the definitive work in the history of a set of drawings that have survived for over 100 years even though they were problematic from their inception. Hopwood covers not only the embryo problem, but Haeckel’s blatant racism in his books, and especially his racist illustrations connecting Blacks with the higher apes. This coffee table sized book of 388 pages is very well illustrated and carefully documented. The author shows how a set of pictures printed in a book in 1901 have been reprinted thousand of times in hundreds of books and as late as 1997. Must reading for all of those interested in the history of science and evolution. Cambridge Professor Hopwood has done his homework on this sordid affair and highlighted an event in history many wish had never happened.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Besides discussing the widespread dispersal and transformation of Haeckel's embryo ... By Susan Cachel Besides discussing the widespread dispersal and transformation of Haeckel's embryo figures, Hopwood also discusses the position of Haeckel as a "Public Intellectual" and defender of science in the German-speaking world. The discovery and re-discovery of Haeckel's manipulations of the embryo figures is also dealt with. However, it is not made clear why these figures continue to be used in modern textbooks on evolution, although their use as propaganda by creationists is detailed. The book is abundantly illustrated.
0 of 13 people found the following review helpful. This book looks interesting (I have not read it) but ... By Jade B. This book looks interesting (I have not read it) but I would have more confidence in it if the cover photo showed Haeckel's embryos. Those are not Haeckel's but Romer's. Of course 1) that may be on purpose to point that out in the book and 2) I know that authors do not often have control over cover photos.
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